Proportional Distributions
Three friends from an e-sports club in Santiago win a tournament and split a prize of $\text{RD}\$19{,}000$. In the final, the first one scored 150 points, the second 120, and the third 110. Is it fair to split it equally? It seems fairer for the one who scored the most points to get more money. That is a proportional distribution.
Directly proportional distribution
An amount is split into parts that are proportional to some numbers: whoever has more gets more.
Change the total or the parts and watch how the bar is split:
Sometimes the problem says the parts are proportional to $1$, $2$, and $3$. We call one part $k$, and the others are worth $k$, $2k$, and $3k$.
Three siblings decide to share a bag of $120$ sweets directly proportional to their ages, which are $2$, $3$ and $7$ years. How many sweets does each get?
Three siblings decide to share a bag of $120$ sweets directly proportional to their ages, which are $2$, $3$ and $7$ years. How many sweets does each get?
A carpenter has a wooden strip of $240\text{ cm}$ and needs to cut it into three pieces whose lengths are proportional to the numbers $1$, $2$ and $3$. We call $k$ the…
A carpenter has a wooden strip of $240\text{ cm}$ and needs to cut it into three pieces whose lengths are proportional to the numbers $1$, $2$ and $3$. We call $k$ the length of the shortest piece, so that the other two measure $2k$ and $3k$. What will be the length of each piece?
Three friends decide to rent a private server to play an online video game during the holidays. The total cost of the rental is $\text{RD\$}\ 153…
Three friends decide to rent a private server to play an online video game during the holidays. The total cost of the rental is $\text{RD\$}\ 153$. They have agreed to share the payment directly proportional to the time each was connected: Álex was on for $12$ hours, Bea for $18$ hours and Cristian for $21$ hours. How much should each contribute to pay the bill?
Inversely proportional distribution
Now whoever has more of something gets less. For example, a city government splits a fund among several schools inversely proportionally to the tons of unrecycled waste: the school that pollutes least receives the most.
The trick: split directly proportionally to the reciprocals $\frac{1}{a}, \frac{1}{b}, \frac{1}{c}$.
In a video game competition, $100$ bonus points are shared between two players inversely proportional to the number of mistakes they made. If the first player made $2$…
In a video game competition, $100$ bonus points are shared between two players inversely proportional to the number of mistakes they made. If the first player made $2$ mistakes and the second made $4$ mistakes, how many points does each receive?
In a drone race, $310$ bonus points are shared among the top three finishers inversely proportional to the number of technical fouls they committed during the circuit.…
In a drone race, $310$ bonus points are shared among the top three finishers inversely proportional to the number of technical fouls they committed during the circuit. The first-place finisher committed $2$ fouls, the second committed $5$ fouls and the third committed $10$ fouls. How many points does each receive?
A sustainable courier company wants to reward its three best delivery riders from the bicycle section. The total prize is $1\,160$ pesos and will be shared out in…
A sustainable courier company wants to reward its three best delivery riders from the bicycle section. The total prize is $1\,160$ pesos and will be shared out in inverse proportion to the number of late packages delivered during the last month. Courier $A$ had $2$ delays, courier $B$ had $3$, and courier $C$ had $4$. Calculate how much money each one receives.
Distributions with an extra step
Many problems do not end with the distribution: first you have to deduct an expense, or afterward you have to add a fixed amount to one of the shares.
If there is a deduction, it is applied to the total first. With the prize from the beginning, a 5% management fee:
Three siblings help with household chores and their grandfather decides to give them a reward of $\text{RD\$}\ 6\,840…
Three siblings help with household chores and their grandfather decides to give them a reward of $\text{RD\$}\ 6\,840$ for their savings. However, to encourage responsibility, he shares the money inversely proportional to the number of times they forgot to tidy their room this month. Lucía forgot $2$ times, Jorge $3$ times and Marta $6$ times. How much money will each receive?
Three friends from an e-sports club have won a regional tournament and are going to share out a $1\,900$ pesos prize. The distribution must be directly proportional to…
Three friends from an e-sports club have won a regional tournament and are going to share out a $1\,900$ pesos prize. The distribution must be directly proportional to the points scored in the grand final. The first player got $150$ points, the second $120$ points, and the third $110$ points. However, before payout, the club deducts $5\%$ of the total prize for administration fees. What net amount will each of the three players receive after applying the discount and making the proportional distribution?
A grandfather wants to share a collection of $168$ antique coins among his three grandchildren in inverse proportion to their ages, which are $12$, $15$ and $20$ years…
A grandfather wants to share a collection of $168$ antique coins among his three grandchildren in inverse proportion to their ages, which are $12$, $15$ and $20$ years old. The youngest grandchild is so excited that the grandfather decides to give him, in addition, $10$ more coins taken from his own personal reserve. How many coins will each grandchild end up with?
When a piece of data is missing
Sometimes you are not given the total, but what one of the participants receives. Then you find $k$ with that piece of data and calculate the rest. It also happens that the numbers in the distribution are given in terms of another one, for example "twice as many as" or "3 fewer than".
Three families have rented a country house for the Easter holidays. The total cost of the rent is $90\,000$ pesos. They decide to share the expense in direct proportion…
Three families have rented a country house for the Easter holidays. The total cost of the rent is $90\,000$ pesos. They decide to share the expense in direct proportion to the number of nights that each family stayed in the house. The Sánchez family stayed $5$ nights, the Pérez family stayed twice as many nights as the García family, and the García family stayed $3$ nights fewer than the Sánchez family. How much must each family pay?
A music app has distributed its quarterly profits among three emerging artists in direct proportion to the number of streams of their tracks. We know that artist $X$…
A music app has distributed its quarterly profits among three emerging artists in direct proportion to the number of streams of their tracks. We know that artist $X$ received $1\,200$ pesos for having $300\,000$ streams. If artist $Y$ had $450\,000$ streams and artist $Z$ received $2\,400$ pesos, calculate:
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The number of streams artist $Z$ had.
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The amount of money artist $Y$ received.
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The total profit distributed by the app among the three.
A donation of $110\,000$ pesos is shared among three charities in direct proportion to the places they offer. Charity $P$ has $x$ places, charity $Q$ has three times as…
A donation of $110\,000$ pesos is shared among three charities in direct proportion to the places they offer. Charity $P$ has $x$ places, charity $Q$ has three times as many places as $P$, and charity $R$ has half as many places as $Q$. Knowing that charity $Q$ received $60\,000$ pesos, how much money does each of the other two charities receive?
Summary
Back to the beginning: the $\text{RD}\$19{,}000$ prize is not split equally, but into 380 parts of 50 pesos, and each player receives as many parts as the points they scored.