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ESO Y2 · Mathematics
Numbers · Natural numbers

Divisibility

A four-digit PIN of the form $5X4Y$ has to be divisible by $4$ and by $9$ at the same time. How do you find all the possible digits $X$ and $Y$ without trying all hundred codes one by one? With divisibility tests and a bit of organisation.

Before you start, make sure you know: Multiples, divisors and divisibility tests (1st ESO)
Before you start, make sure you know: Prime numbers and prime factorisation (1st ESO)

More tests: 4, 6, 8 and 11

Diagram of the divisibility test for 11 applied to the number 428 using the difference of digits in alternate positions 4 2 8 odd even 428 (4+8) − 2 = 10 10 is not a multiple of 11 → 428 is not divisible by 11
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On a streaming platform, series are grouped into seasons. If a series has a total of $42$ episodes, state which of the following statements are true and which are false,…

On a streaming platform, series are grouped into seasons. If a series has a total of $42$ episodes, state which of the following statements are true and which are false, giving a brief reason for your answer:

  1. a) The number $6$ is a factor of $42$.
  2. b) $42$ is a multiple of $5$.
  3. c) $42$ is divisible by $14$.
Solve
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Calculate mentally and write down in your notebook: a) The first five multiples of $12$. b) All the factors of the number $24$. c) The multiples of $7$ between $30$ and…

Calculate mentally and write down in your notebook:

  1. a) The first five multiples of $12$.
  2. b) All the factors of the number $24$.
  3. c) The multiples of $7$ between $30$ and $60$.
Solve

Unknown digits with several conditions

When you are asked to find a digit that satisfies several tests at the same time, solve each condition separately and then look for the values that are common to all of them.

Branching diagram for setting out and crossing divisibility conditions on the unknown digits of the number 4A2B 4A2B divisible by 3 divisible by 11 You solve each condition and keep only the values of A and B that satisfy both.
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A programmer is designing a four-digit access code. The code follows the format $35A2$, where $A$ is an unknown digit. For the code to be valid, the number must be…

A programmer is designing a four-digit access code. The code follows the format $35A2$, where $A$ is an unknown digit. For the code to be valid, the number must be simultaneously divisible by $3$ and $4$.

Determine all possible values that the digit $A$ can take and write down the resulting complete numbers.

Solve
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At a video game convention, they want to organise the participants into teams. We have a security access code that is a four-digit number of the form $4A2B$. For the…

At a video game convention, they want to organise the participants into teams. We have a security access code that is a four-digit number of the form $4A2B$.

For the code to be valid, it must satisfy two conditions:

  1. a) It must be divisible by $3$.
  2. b) It must be divisible by $11$.

Find all possible values for the digits $A$ and $B$.

SYS_AUTH_CODE_REQ 4 + 2 = 6 4 A 2 B A + B Condition: Divisible by 11 (A + B) - 6 = 0, 11 ∧ Condition: Divisible by 3 6 + (A + B) = 3·k
Solve
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A famous influencer wants to protect access to their video editing account with a four-digit PIN code of the form $5X4Y$. So as not to forget it, they have memorised the…

A famous influencer wants to protect access to their video editing account with a four-digit PIN code of the form $5X4Y$. So as not to forget it, they have memorised the following conditions based on divisibility:

  • The number is divisible by $4$.

  • The number is also divisible by $9$.

  • The units digit ($Y$) is greater than the thousands digit.

Find all possible PIN codes that satisfy these conditions.

Y > 5 5 X 4 Y Divisible by 4 Suma de cifras: 5 + X + 4 + Y = múltiplo de 9
Solve

Reasoning with the number of divisors

You already know that if $N = p^a \cdot q^b\ldots$, the number of divisors is $(a+1)(b+1)\ldots$. This can also be used to check whether a number is a perfect square.

Identifying even and odd exponents in the prime factorisation of 360 to deduce that it is not a perfect square 360 = 2³ · 3² · 5 exponents 3, 2, 1 3 and 1 are odd → 360 is NOT a perfect square
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Calculate the total number of factors of the number $360$ without writing them all out. To do this: a) Find its prime factorisation using powers. b) Apply the rule of…

Calculate the total number of factors of the number $360$ without writing them all out. To do this:

  1. a) Find its prime factorisation using powers.
  2. b) Apply the rule of multiplying each exponent increased by one.
  3. c) State whether the number $360$ is a perfect square, explaining your reasoning based on the exponents in its factorisation.
Solve
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A natural number $N$ has the following prime factorisation: $N = 2^{a} \cdot 3^{2} \cdot 5^{1}$. We know that the total number of factors of $N$ is exactly $24$. 1.…

A natural number $N$ has the following prime factorisation: $N = 2^{a} \cdot 3^{2} \cdot 5^{1}$.

We know that the total number of factors of $N$ is exactly $24$.

  1. Calculate the value of the exponent $a$.

  2. Determine the numerical value of $N$.

  3. Write down all the factors of $N$ that are multiples of $15$ but not of $2$.

Solve

Back to the beginning: For $5X4Y$ to be divisible by $4$, its last two digits $4Y$ must be a multiple of $4$, so $Y \in \{0, 4, 8\}$. For it to be divisible by $9$, the sum $5+X+4+Y = 9+X+Y$ must be a multiple of $9$: if $Y=0$, $X=0$ or $X=9$ works ($5040$ and $5940$); if $Y=4$, $X=5$ works ($5544$); and if $Y=8$, $X=1$ works ($5148$). There are exactly four valid codes.

Summary

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