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ESO Y1 · Mathematics
Arithmetic · Proportion

Percentages

A download bar at 75 %. A 20 % discount. 21 % VAT on the bill. Percentages are everywhere, and they are just a different way of writing a ratio: so many per hundred.

What a percentage is

Progress bar divided into quarters showing 75 % completed. here: 75 % 75 % 0 % 25 % 50 % 75 % 100 %
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In an e-sports tournament, $20\%$ of the $150$ participants play on a tablet, while the rest play on a computer. Calculate the exact number of players using a tablet to…

In an e-sports tournament, $20\%$ of the $150$ participants play on a tablet, while the rest play on a computer. Calculate the exact number of players using a tablet to compete.

Solve
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Work out the following percentages mentally using the division strategies learned in class (divide by $2$ for $50\%$, by $4$ for $25\%$ and by $10$ for $10\%$): a)…

Work out the following percentages mentally using the division strategies learned in class (divide by $2$ for $50\%$, by $4$ for $25\%$ and by $10$ for $10\%$):

  1. a) $50\%$ of $84$ viewers on a livestream.
  2. b) $25\%$ of a $400$ gram pizza.
  3. c) $10\%$ of a travel pass costing $35$ euros.
Solve

Calculating a percentage of an amount

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The loading bar of your favourite video game shows that $75\%$ of the total download has been completed. If the full file takes up $40$ GB, how many gigabytes have been…

The loading bar of your favourite video game shows that $75\%$ of the total download has been completed. If the full file takes up $40$ GB, how many gigabytes have been downloaded so far?

0% 25% 50% 75% 100% 0 GB ? GB 40 GB Full file (40 GB)
Solve
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The battery of Lucía's tablet has a total capacity of $5000$ mAh. If after playing "Roblox" for a while she has $18\%$ battery left, how many mAh of power does she still…

The battery of Lucía's tablet has a total capacity of $5000$ mAh. If after playing "Roblox" for a while she has $18\%$ battery left, how many mAh of power does she still have? What percentage of the battery has she already used?

Capacidad Total: 5000 mAh (100%) 18% ¿? mAh ¿? % used
Solve

Increases, discounts and chained percentages

Diagram comparing an initial amount with a percentage increase and a percentage discount using multipliers. 85 € ×0,80 68 € ×0,90 61,20 € ≠ 85 × 0,70 = 59,50 €
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In a trendy shoe shop, a pair of trainers costing $85 \text{ €}$ has a discount of $20\%$. However, as it is the last day of the sale, an additional discount of $10\%$…

In a trendy shoe shop, a pair of trainers costing $85 \text{ €}$ has a discount of $20\%$. However, as it is the last day of the sale, an additional discount of $10\%$ is applied to the already reduced price. What is the final price of the trainers? Is it the same as applying a single discount of $30\%$? Justify your answer by calculating both cases.

Successive Discounts 85 € P₁ P₂ −20% −10% ¿ −30% ? Is it equivalent to a single discount?
Solve
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An adventure video game takes up $12$ GB in a console's memory. If the system indicates that this game takes up $15\%$ of the total available memory, how many GB of…

An adventure video game takes up $12$ GB in a console's memory. If the system indicates that this game takes up $15\%$ of the total available memory, how many GB of capacity does the console's memory have in total?

Solve

VAT: finding the price without tax

When you know the final price with a percentage already included, to undo it you divide by the multiplier instead of multiplying.

Diagram showing how to go from 1 200 € to 1 452 € by multiplying by 1,21 and back again by dividing by 1,21. 1 200 € ×1,21 1 452 € ÷1,21
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Álex bought a computer to play his favourite video games. The final price he paid, including $21\%$ VAT, was $1452 \text{ €}$. His friend tells him that the computer…

Álex bought a computer to play his favourite video games. The final price he paid, including $21\%$ VAT, was $1452 \text{ €}$. His friend tells him that the computer cost $1200 \text{ €}$ before taxes. Is his friend right? Perform the necessary calculations to find the base price (excluding VAT) of the computer.

RECEIPT GAMING PC Base (100%) ? € + VAT (21%) ? € TOTAL 1452 € Friend: Base = 1200 €? Base Price? BASE (100%) 21% 121% = 1452 €
Solve
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The storage of a mobile phone is $128 \text{ GB}$. The operating system takes up $12,5\%$ of the total. If Álex has already used up $60\%$ of the remaining free space,…

The storage of a mobile phone is $128 \text{ GB}$. The operating system takes up $12,5\%$ of the total. If Álex has already used up $60\%$ of the remaining free space, how many gigabytes does he still have available to install new apps?

128 GB (TOTAL) 12,5% SYSTEM 60% USED BY ÁLEX ? GB FREE REMAINING SPACE (100% of remainder)
Solve

Summary

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