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ESO Y1 · Mathematics
The metric system · The metric system

The sexagesimal system

A match lasts $1\ h\ 35\ min$. An angle measures $45°\ 30'$. Neither the clock nor the protractor goes up in tens: they go up in sixties. This is called the sexagesimal system.

Hours, minutes and seconds

Clock face with the sexagesimal equivalences of hours, minutes and seconds and an example in compound form. 1 hour = 60 min 1 min = 60 s 17 h 45 min 30 s → hours, minutes and seconds all at once (compound form)
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The sexagesimal system is based on the number $60$. Carry out the following time conversions: a) How many minutes are $3$ hours and $15$ minutes? b) A TikTok video lasts…

The sexagesimal system is based on the number $60$. Carry out the following time conversions:

  1. a) How many minutes are $3$ hours and $15$ minutes?
  2. b) A TikTok video lasts $150$ seconds. Express it in minutes and seconds (compound form).
  3. c) If a TV series lasts $0,5$ hours, how many minutes is that?
Solve

Degrees, minutes and seconds

Angles are measured in the same way: in degrees ($°$), and each degree is divided into minutes ($'$) and seconds ($''$), also in sixties.

Graphical representation of the opening of an angle of 45 degrees and 30 minutes. 45° 30'
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Look at the four angles drawn below. Without using a protractor, classify them as acute, right, obtuse or straight. Then, order them from smallest to largest angle.

Look at the four angles drawn below. Without using a protractor, classify them as acute, right, obtuse or straight. Then, order them from smallest to largest angle.

A B C D
Solve

Converting from compound to single-unit form and back

Conversion of 125 minutes to compound form by dividing by 60 to obtain 2 hours and 5 minutes. 125 min : 60 2 h 5 min 125 = 60 · 2 + 5
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Marta started studying at $17:45$ and finished at $19:10$. a) How much time has she spent studying in total? (Express the result in hours and minutes). b) If she took a…

Marta started studying at $17:45$ and finished at $19:10$.

  1. a) How much time has she spent studying in total? (Express the result in hours and minutes).
  2. b) If she took a $15$-minute break in the middle of the afternoon, how much actual study time did she have?
Solve
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Express the following durations in seconds and then order them from longest to shortest: $t_1 = 2,5\text{ hours}$ $t_2 = 145\text{ minutes and } 30\text{ seconds}$…

Express the following durations in seconds and then order them from longest to shortest:

  • $t_1 = 2,5\text{ hours}$

  • $t_2 = 145\text{ minutes and } 30\text{ seconds}$

  • $t_3 = 9.200\text{ seconds}$

  • $t_4 = 2\text{ h } 30\text{ min } 15\text{ s}$

GOAL h min s × 60 × 60 × 3600 t₁ = 2,5 h t₂ = 145 min 30 s t₃ = 9200 s t₄ = 2 h 30 min 15 s
Solve

Adding and subtracting in the sexagesimal system

To add times or angles, you add the hours, minutes and seconds separately (or the degrees, minutes and seconds), and if the result goes over 60, you convert it to the next unit up.

Vertical addition of two time measurements in compound form with the step-by-step unit conversions. 2 h 45 min 15 s + 1 h 58 min 50 s 3 h 103 min 65 s 65 s = 1 min 5 s 104 min = 1 h 44 min total: 4 h 44 min 5 s
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An eSports tournament consists of three stages. The first stage lasted $2\text{ h } 45\text{ min } 15\text{ s}$, the second stage lasted…

An eSports tournament consists of three stages. The first stage lasted $2\text{ h } 45\text{ min } 15\text{ s}$, the second stage lasted $1\text{ h } 58\text{ min } 50\text{ s}$ and the grand final lasted $55\text{ min } 20\text{ s}$.

  1. a) What was the total duration of the tournament in compound form?
  2. b) If the tournament was recorded in full and the video file takes up $12\text{ MB}$ per minute of recording, approximately how many $GB$ does the entire video take up? (Given: $1\text{ GB} = 1.024\text{ MB}$).
Stage 1 2h 45min 15s Stage 2 1h 58min 50s Final 55min 20s Total Duration = ? Video Size (GB) = ? Recording rate: 12 MB / min (1 GB = 1024 MB)
Solve
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A family takes a train journey with a layover. The first leg takes $1\text{ h } 45\text{ min } 30\text{ s}$, the wait at the interchange station is…

A family takes a train journey with a layover. The first leg takes $1\text{ h } 45\text{ min } 30\text{ s}$, the wait at the interchange station is $50\text{ min } 40\text{ s}$ and the second leg takes $2\text{ h } 15\text{ min } 50\text{ s}$.

  1. a) How long does the entire journey take, from getting on the first train to getting off the second?
  1. b) If they left home at $8:30$ in the morning and took $10$ minutes to walk to the first station, at what time did they reach their final destination?
Solve

Complementary and supplementary angles

Geometric representation of two complementary angles forming a right angle and two supplementary angles forming a straight angle. 67° 25' 40'' 90° − this = complement x x + 180° − x = 180°, supplementary
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Two angles are complementary if their sum is $90^\circ$. Work out the angle needed for each of the following to be complementary: a) $\hat{A} = 35^\circ$ b)…

Two angles are complementary if their sum is $90^\circ$. Work out the angle needed for each of the following to be complementary:

  1. a) $\hat{A} = 35^\circ$
  2. b) $\hat{B} = 52^\circ$ $30'$
  3. c) $\hat{C} = 89^\circ$
35° ? 90°
Solve
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Two angles are supplementary if their sum is $180^\circ$. Work out the supplementary angle for each of the following: a) $65^\circ$ b) $110^\circ$ c) $90^\circ$ d)…

Two angles are supplementary if their sum is $180^\circ$. Work out the supplementary angle for each of the following:

  1. a) $65^\circ$
  1. b) $110^\circ$
  1. c) $90^\circ$
  1. d) $179^\circ$
  1. e) $45,5^\circ$
Solve
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Remember that two angles are complementary when they add up to $90^\circ$. In the Design and Technology workshop, a cutting guide forms an angle of…

Remember that two angles are complementary when they add up to $90^\circ$. In the Design and Technology workshop, a cutting guide forms an angle of $67^\circ \ 25' \ 40''$ with the edge of the workbench. For the cut to be perpendicular to the edge, a wedge whose angle is its complement must be placed.

  1. a) Calculate the angle of the wedge, expressing the result in degrees, minutes and seconds.
  1. b) If the guide is then adjusted to $45^\circ \ 30'$, what would the angle of the wedge be then?
Solve

Summary

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