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Determinants · Determinants

Properties of determinants

Calculating a large determinant element by element is slow. The properties that follow let you deduce the value of a new determinant from one you already know, without doing a single Sarrus calculation. In the EvAU it is common to be given $|A|$ and asked to calculate $|A^t|$, $|2A|$, $|A^3|$ or $|A\cdot B|$ using only properties.

Before you start, make sure you know: Gaussian elimination (1st Bachillerato)
Before you start, make sure you know: Linear combinations of vectors. Bases (1st Bachillerato)

The transpose and swapping rows

Diagram of swapping rows F1 and F2 of a matrix, showing that the determinant changes sign. F₁ F₂ F₃ F₂ F₁ F₃ det changes sign
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Knowing that the determinant of a square matrix $A$ of order 3 is $|A| = -4$, use the properties of determinants to calculate the value of the following determinants: a)…

Knowing that the determinant of a square matrix $A$ of order 3 is $|A| = -4$, use the properties of determinants to calculate the value of the following determinants:

  1. a) $|A^t|$, where $A^t$ is the transpose matrix of $A$.
  1. b) The determinant of the matrix resulting from swapping the first two rows of $A$.
  1. c) The determinant of the matrix obtained by multiplying the third column of $A$ by $-5$.
Solve

Dependent rows or columns: determinant zero

Visual outline of matrices with zero or linearly dependent rows whose determinant turns out to be zero. F₂ = 2F₁ 2 1 3 4 2 6 C₃ = 0 1 5 0 2 3 0 F₃=F₁+F₂ 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 7 9 in all three cases, |·| = 0
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Without performing any operations or applying Sarrus' rule, justify why the following determinants are zero: a)…

Without performing any operations or applying Sarrus' rule, justify why the following determinants are zero:

  1. a) $\begin{vmatrix} 2 & 1 & 3 \\ 4 & 2 & 6 \\ 1 & -1 & 5 \end{vmatrix}$
  1. b) $\begin{vmatrix} 1 & 5 & 0 \\ 2 & 3 & 0 \\ -4 & 7 & 0 \end{vmatrix}$
  1. c) $\begin{vmatrix} 1 & 2 & 3 \\ 4 & 5 & 6 \\ 5 & 7 & 9 \end{vmatrix}$
Solve
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Prove, using the properties of determinants, that if a linear combination of the other rows is added to a row of a square matrix, the value of the determinant does not…

Prove, using the properties of determinants, that if a linear combination of the other rows is added to a row of a square matrix, the value of the determinant does not change. To do so, check what happens to the determinant:

$|A| = \begin{vmatrix} a & b \\ c & d \end{vmatrix}$

if we perform the row operation $F_2 = F_2 + k \cdot F_1$.

Solve

Multiplying a row, or the whole matrix, by a scalar

Comparison between multiplying a single row by k and multiplying the whole matrix of order n by k, which multiplies the determinant by k to the power n. |A| ×k whole matrix kⁿ·|A| only F₁ ×k k·|A| (only once)
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Let $M$ be a matrix of order $3 \times 3$ such that its determinant is $|M| = 2$. Calculate the value of the determinant of the matrix $3M$. Explain which property you…

Let $M$ be a matrix of order $3 \times 3$ such that its determinant is $|M| = 2$. Calculate the value of the determinant of the matrix $3M$. Explain which property you have used and take care with the order of the matrix.

Solve
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In a strategy video game, the coordinates of resources are stored in a matrix $3 \times 3$ called $C$. If we know that $|C| = 10$, what would be the value of the…

In a strategy video game, the coordinates of resources are stored in a matrix $3 \times 3$ called $C$. If we know that $|C| = 10$, what would be the value of the determinant if we double all the rows of the matrix (that is, we calculate $|2C|$)? Compare this result with the one obtained if we only doubled the first row.

Solve

The determinant of a product and of an inverse

Outline showing that the determinant of the product of two matrices is the product of their determinants and that the determinant of the inverse matrix is the reciprocal of the original determinant. A · A⁻¹ = I |A| 1/|A| |I| = 1
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Given two square matrices $A$ and $B$ of the same order, we know that $|A| = 3$ and $|B| = -2$. Calculate, stating the properties applied: a) $|A \cdot B|$ b) $|B^2|$ c)…

Given two square matrices $A$ and $B$ of the same order, we know that $|A| = 3$ and $|B| = -2$. Calculate, stating the properties applied:

  1. a) $|A \cdot B|$
  1. b) $|B^2|$
  1. c) $|A \cdot B^t|$
Solve
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If $A$ is a matrix of order 3 such that $|A| = \frac{1}{2}$, calculate the determinant of its inverse matrix $A^{-1}$, justifying your answer using the property of the…

If $A$ is a matrix of order 3 such that $|A| = \frac{1}{2}$, calculate the determinant of its inverse matrix $A^{-1}$, justifying your answer using the property of the determinant of the product of matrices.

A · A⁻¹ = I |A| = 1/2 |A⁻¹| = ? |I| = 1 |A| · |A⁻¹| = |I|
Solve
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Let $A$ be a square matrix of order 3 such that its determinant is $|A| = -2$. Using exclusively the properties of determinants, calculate the value of the following…

Let $A$ be a square matrix of order 3 such that its determinant is $|A| = -2$. Using exclusively the properties of determinants, calculate the value of the following determinants:

  1. a) $|A^t \cdot A|$
  1. b) $|3 \cdot A^{-1}|$
  1. c) $|\text{det}(A) \cdot A|$
A ∈ M₃(ℝ) 3×3 v₂ v₃ v₁ = −2 PROPERTIES: ? a) |At · A| = ? b) |3 · A−1| = ? c) |det(A) · A| = ?
Solve

Back to the start: If you are given a matrix $A$ of order $3$ with $|A| = 2$ and another matrix $B$ with $|B| = -3$, you now know that $|A^t| = 2$, $|2A| = 2^3 \cdot 2 = 16$, $|A^3| = 2^3 = 8$ and $|A \cdot B| = 2 \cdot (-3) = -6$, using only properties and without calculating a single element.

Summary

See all the exercises in this section