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Prep 1 · Digital Culture
Online collaboration · Communication and collaboration

Communication tools and teamwork

Before you start, make sure you know: The phases of a technology project (Secondary Year 1)

Your high school team has to turn in a project with four people. You use a single WhatsApp group for everything: questions, memes, files, who does what, and the due date. In the end, nobody can find the right file or remember what was decided. The problem isn't the technology: it's using one tool for tasks that need different tools.

Each tool serves a different purpose

Four communication channels: email (formal and slow), chat (fast and informal), shared document (edited at the same time), and video call (live decisions). email formal, slow chat fast, informal document edited at the same time video call live decisions

There are commercial and free tools. For messaging: WhatsApp, Telegram, and Signal. For writing together online: Google Docs, or the free options Cryptpad and Riseup Pad, which don't ask you to sell your data in order to use them.

There are also group chat channels (everyone writes) and announcement-only channels (only the admin writes). The second kind works for official notices, because they don't get lost among replies.

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Match each situation with the most appropriate tool and justify your choice: (a) requesting formal information from the local municipality, (b) meeting up with friends…

Match each situation with the most appropriate tool and justify your choice: (a) requesting formal information from the local municipality, (b) meeting up with friends for Saturday, (c) writing an assignment among four people at the same time, and (d) presenting a project to a classmate who is sick at home.

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Explain the differences between instant messaging and email: who usually reads each one, when a reply is expected, what tone is used, and how files are shared in each…

Explain the differences between instant messaging and email: who usually reads each one, when a reply is expected, what tone is used, and how files are shared in each case.

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Explain the difference between a chat group, where everyone can post, and an announcements-only channel, where only the administrator can post. Which would you choose…

Explain the difference between a chat group, where everyone can post, and an announcements-only channel, where only the administrator can post. Which would you choose for official announcements from teachers to the class, and why?

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Email, written well

Structure of an email: recipient, subject, message body, and attached file. To: teacher@prepa.edu.mx Subject: Submission of the Digital Culture project Good morning: I am attaching team 3's work. Regards, work.pdf

With your teachers or authorities (for example, to request information from the municipal government office) email is the right channel: use a formal tone and formal address. In a chat with friends, the tone is relaxed.

Emojis add tone in chat, but in an email to the school principal's office they look unprofessional. In a shared document, a "good job 👍" in a comment is normal. Choose according to who is reading.

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An email has several parts: 'To', 'CC', 'Subject', 'Body text', and 'Attachments'. Explain what each part is used for and give reasons why there is a problem if the…

An email has several parts: 'To', 'CC', 'Subject', 'Body text', and 'Attachments'. Explain what each part is used for and give reasons why there is a problem if the subject field is left blank or says only 'Hello'.

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When replying to an email sent to multiple people, you can choose 'Reply' or 'Reply all'. Explain the difference and decide which you would use in each case: (a)…

When replying to an email sent to multiple people, you can choose 'Reply' or 'Reply all'. Explain the difference and decide which you would use in each case: (a) confirming to the teacher that you received the homework, sent in an email to the whole class, and (b) providing a useful link in response to a question the teacher asked the whole group.

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Emojis help set the tone of messages, but they are not always appropriate. Classify these three messages as 'suitable' or 'unsuitable' and justify your answer: (a) a…

Emojis help set the tone of messages, but they are not always appropriate. Classify these three messages as 'suitable' or 'unsuitable' and justify your answer: (a) a 'thank you 😊' in a group chat with friends, (b) an email to the headteacher with three laughing emojis, and (c) a 'good job 👍' in the group's shared document.

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Shared documents: a single version for everyone

Contrast between sending three loose versions by email and working on a single document in the cloud. v1.odt v2.odt v3_FINAL.odt email attachments: three loose versions a single link cloud document

With attachments, everyone works on their own copy: files like "v3_FINAL_now_for_real.odt" appear, and one person's changes are lost when another person's get pasted in. In a cloud document there is only one version, plus a version history: you can see who changed what and restore text that was deleted by accident. To avoid accidents, simple rules help: don't delete other people's text (comment on it or suggest a change), have each person write in their own section, and check the history at the end of the day.

Version conflicts when editing offline

Some editors let you work without internet and sync later. If two people change the same section while they are disconnected, the platform detects a version conflict.

Example: Ximena deletes the "Budget" section to redo it later and, at the same time, Diego expands it with new tables. When they sync, the cloud has two incompatible versions of the same text: one says "this no longer exists" and the other says "this grew." The cloud doesn't know which intention is correct, because it doesn't understand the purpose of each change; it only sees differences.

There are three possible ways out:

  • Apply the most recent version: it is automatic, but dangerous. If the last one to sync wins, the other person's work can disappear without anyone noticing (for example, Diego's tables).

  • Keep both: two copies of the file are saved, and the team reviews them and merges them by hand.

  • Check the version history: it lets you see what each person changed and restore or copy whatever was lost.

To keep it from happening again, the team can agree on a protocol: one person responsible for each section, a heads-up in the chat before deleting or rewriting a whole section, syncing at the start and end of every work session, and avoiding offline editing of the same section.

Large files and folders

A $300\ \text{MB}$ video doesn't fit in an email with a $25\ \text{MB}$ limit: the message would bounce. Instead, upload it to the cloud and send a shared link. Before sending it, check two things: that the permission is the right one (usually view only) and that whoever needs it can open it (not public if it's private).

In the shared folder, one person creates the initial structure (for example: "1_Documents", "2_Images", "3_Final submission"), everyone uses those names, and no new folders are created without telling the others. Duplicate folders are merged and empty ones are deleted.

When the chat has thousands of messages, search in this order: by keyword, by person, by date and, if it was a file, in the shared files section.

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The diagram compares two ways of working on the same document in a group of three people. State which method you would choose for a group project and why, and point out…

The diagram compares two ways of working on the same document in a group of three people.

email attachments trabajo_v1.odt trabajo_v2.odt trabajo_v3_FINAL.odt three different versions circulating cloud document Ana Bruno Carmen a single shared version

State which method you would choose for a group project and why, and point out a specific problem that can arise with the email attachments method.

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In the group's shared document, someone accidentally deletes two paragraphs written by another person, and nobody notices until the next day. Explain what tools cloud…

In the group's shared document, someone accidentally deletes two paragraphs written by another person, and nobody notices until the next day. Explain what tools cloud documents offer to recover the lost text and what working guidelines would prevent this from happening again.

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Shared documents support three permissions: view, comment, and edit. Explain what a person can do with each permission and assign the appropriate one in these cases: (a)…

Shared documents support three permissions: view, comment, and edit. Explain what a person can do with each permission and assign the appropriate one in these cases: (a) the teacher reviews the draft, (b) your teammate works on the content, and (c) another group consults it as an example.

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In the group's shared folder, everyone creates their own subfolders and there are three folders named 'photos'. Propose who should create the initial folder structure…

In the group's shared folder, everyone creates their own subfolders and there are three folders named 'photos'. Propose who should create the initial folder structure and how, what rule to follow to avoid duplication, and what to do with the duplicate folders that already exist.

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You want to email the project video, which takes up $300\ \text{MB}$, and the attachment limit is $25\ \text{MB}$. Explain why trying to do so is not a good idea, what…

You want to email the project video, which takes up $300\ \text{MB}$, and the attachment limit is $25\ \text{MB}$. Explain why trying to do so is not a good idea, what alternative cloud services offer (shared link), and what two things you should check about the link before sending it.

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You need to retrieve a piece of information someone shared in the chat a month ago, and there are thousands of messages. Describe three search strategies (by person, by…

You need to retrieve a piece of information someone shared in the chat a month ago, and there are thousands of messages. Describe three search strategies (by person, by keyword, by date, or by shared file) and explain in what order you would apply them to find it quickly.

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Marta and Sergio are editing the same Technology report offline from their homes. Marta deletes the "Budget" section to redo it later, and Sergio, at that very same…

Marta and Sergio are editing the same Technology report offline from their homes. Marta deletes the "Budget" section to redo it later, and Sergio, at that very same time, expands that same section with new tables. Upon syncing with the cloud, the platform detects a version conflict. Predict what would happen if the system automatically applied the version with the most recent timestamp, explain why the cloud cannot merge both changes on its own, and design a teamwork protocol to prevent this problem from happening again.

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Video calls, calendars, and task boards

A shared calendar shows the dates for the whole team. One person creates the event and invites the others; each person accepts or declines, and you can set reminders (for example, one day before). Your class can use it for the semester's due dates.

Task board with three columns: to do with the photos card, in progress with the text card, and an empty done column; each card has an owner and moves between columns. to do in progress done card: photos card: text each card has an owner and moves between columns
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Explain what a shared calendar is and how an event invitation works (who creates it, who accepts it, what reminders there are). Give an example of how your class would…

Explain what a shared calendar is and how an event invitation works (who creates it, who accepts it, what reminders there are). Give an example of how your class would use it to organise submission dates for the term.

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A team video call fails: everyone talks at the same time, no one takes notes, and upon hanging up no one remembers what was decided. Propose rules of procedure for the…

A team video call fails: everyone talks at the same time, no one takes notes, and upon hanging up no one remembers what was decided. Propose rules of procedure for the next meeting and features of the tool itself that can help enforce them.

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A task board has three columns: 'To do', 'In progress', and 'Done'. Explain how you would organise the distribution of project work on it: what is written on each card,…

A task board has three columns: 'To do', 'In progress', and 'Done'. Explain how you would organise the distribution of project work on it: what is written on each card, who moves the cards and when, and what advantage it has compared to assigning tasks only verbally.

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After two weeks of working on the project, chaos erupts in your team: two members have duplicated the same task, nobody has bought the materials because "they didn't…

After two weeks of working on the project, chaos erupts in your team: two members have duplicated the same task, nobody has bought the materials because "they didn't know whose turn it was", and you don't remember what dimensions were agreed upon for the scale model. Design a digital meeting minutes template that solves these problems at their root. Justify the fields you include to avoid each of the described mistakes, and show an example of how it would be filled out after a 15-minute meeting.

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Organizing a team's toolkit

Diagram connecting each team need (decisions, questions, files, and tasks) to its right tool. decisions questions files tasks document / minutes chat cloud board

Good meeting minutes include: the date and attendees, decisions made (with concrete data, like the dimensions of the model), tasks with an owner and a deadline, and the date of the next meeting. Each field prevents a mistake: without an "owner" nobody buys the materials; without "decisions" the agreements are forgotten; without checking the board, tasks get duplicated.

Decision Task Owner Date
Model of 40 cm × 30 cm Buy cardboard and glue Ximena Wednesday
Use the board for progress updates Create the cards Diego Monday

Accounts and tools: criteria

Personal accounts or new project accounts? Personal ones are convenient, but they mix school with private life, and the files belong to whoever created them (if that person deletes their account, they are lost). Project accounts keep everything separate and leave the files to the team, but shared passwords have to be handled carefully. A sensible option: a shared folder created by one person, with permissions for the others, and everyone using their own secure accounts.

School platforms usually store data under the school's rules and without ads; free outside services usually live off your attention and your data. Three criteria for choosing: who stores the data and under what conditions, whether there are ads or tracking, and whether everyone can use it at no cost and on a cell phone.

For a field trip communication plan: families (email or an announcement-only channel, few notices, and a signed permission slip or form), teachers (work chat and calendar), and students (group chat plus an announcement channel).

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Your group has three weeks to do a project. Organise its communications: decide which channel you will use for each need (important decisions that must be recorded,…

Your group has three weeks to do a project. Organise its communications: decide which channel you will use for each need (important decisions that must be recorded, quick day-to-day questions, final files, and catch-up meetings), and justify each choice.

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Design the complete 'digital toolkit' for a school working team: the tools you would use to communicate, to organise tasks, and to share files, along with the rules of…

Design the complete 'digital toolkit' for a school working team: the tools you would use to communicate, to organise tasks, and to share files, along with the rules of use for each one. Justify why this set covers all needs without duplicating channels.

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A group uses a messaging chat as the sole channel for the project: amidst jokes and photos, decisions, dates, and files get lost. Analyse why instant messaging fails as…

A group uses a messaging chat as the sole channel for the project: amidst jokes and photos, decisions, dates, and files get lost. Analyse why instant messaging fails as the only channel for a long project, and propose a mixed system, indicating what would be saved in each channel.

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A group debates whether to work using their personal accounts or create new accounts specifically for the project. Evaluate the advantages and issues of each option…

A group debates whether to work using their personal accounts or create new accounts specifically for the project. Evaluate the advantages and issues of each option (convenience, privacy, file ownership when the project ends) and recommend one of them with arguments.

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The school provides its own online tools, but the class prefers to use free external services. Analyse the differences regarding who stores the data, advertising, and…

The school provides its own online tools, but the class prefers to use free external services. Analyse the differences regarding who stores the data, advertising, and terms of service, and establish three criteria to decide which tools are acceptable for school work.

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Design the communication plan for the end-of-year school trip for three different audiences: families, teachers, and students. State which channel you would use with…

Design the communication plan for the end-of-year school trip for three different audiences: families, teachers, and students. State which channel you would use with each group, how frequently, what type of messages would circulate through each channel, and how consent forms would be collected.

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In your class, five different apps are used to communicate: one for grades, another for tasks, another for announcements, and two chats. Analyse what problems this…

In your class, five different apps are used to communicate: one for grades, another for tasks, another for announcements, and two chats. Analyse what problems this dispersion causes (unseen notices, doubts about where everything is) and propose simplifying to two tools, justifying what remains in each.

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Back to the beginning: so that your team doesn't lose information, separate the tasks: chat only for quick questions, a shared document to write without duplicating versions, and a board to know what each person is doing.

Summary

See all the exercises in this section