Back to homeMathematics · 2nd Year · Change subject
Start for free
2nd Year · Mathematics
Arithmetic · Proportionality

Compound proportion

A club shop in Cork has 3 printing machines that print 120 GAA jerseys in 4 hours. If 5 machines now work for 6 hours, how many jerseys will they print? Here there are three quantities at once: machines, hours and jerseys. To solve this we need more than a single direct or inverse proportion: we need compound proportion.

Three quantities related at once

Concept diagram with three boxes showing how machines and hours jointly influence the number of T-shirts made. machines3 → 5 hours4 → 6 jerseys120 → x the first two act on the third together
Practice★☆☆Not started
A group of $6$ friends decides to distribute promotional material for their local e-sports team. In $3$ hours they managed to deliver $450$ flyers to letterboxes. If $2$…

A group of $6$ friends decides to distribute promotional material for their local e-sports team. In $3$ hours they managed to deliver $450$ flyers to letterboxes. If $2$ more friends join the group next Saturday and work for $4$ hours, how many flyers will they distribute in total?

Solve
Practice★☆☆Not started
Five decorative water fountains, with the same flow rate, consume $300$ litres of water if they are turned on for $8$ hours. Calculate how many litres $10$ identical…

Five decorative water fountains, with the same flow rate, consume $300$ litres of water if they are turned on for $8$ hours. Calculate how many litres $10$ identical fountains will consume if they are kept on for only $2$ hours.

Fountains Direct Time (h) Direct Volume (L) 5 8 300 10 2 x → x = 10·2·300 5·8
Solve

Both quantities are direct

Diagram showing the solution of the jersey problem by multiplying the initial value by the direct ratios of machines and hours. 120 jerseys × 5/3 = 200 × 6/4 x = 300 jerseys 120 × 5/3 × 6/4 = 300
Practice★☆☆Not started
In a custom clothing shop, $3$ thermal printing machines manage to print $120$ T-shirts working for $4$ hours. If due to an urgent order from a secondary school $5$…

In a custom clothing shop, $3$ thermal printing machines manage to print $120$ T-shirts working for $4$ hours. If due to an urgent order from a secondary school $5$ identical machines are started up, how many T-shirts will they be able to print in $6$ hours?

DIRECT MACHINES 3 5 · DIRECT HOURS 4 6 = UNKNOWN T-SHIRTS 120 x
Solve
Practice★☆☆Not started
In a water recycling plant, $8$ identical treatment units filter $2400$ cubic metres of water over a period of $5$ days. How many cubic metres of water will $12$…

In a water recycling plant, $8$ identical treatment units filter $2400$ cubic metres of water over a period of $5$ days. How many cubic metres of water will $12$ treatment units filter if they run for $7$ days?

Solve
Practice★★☆Not started
A group of $4$ travel content creators managed to edit $12$ videos for their channel working $6$ hours a day for a week. If $2$ more collaborators join the team next…

A group of $4$ travel content creators managed to edit $12$ videos for their channel working $6$ hours a day for a week. If $2$ more collaborators join the team next month and decide to work $8$ hours a day, how many videos will they be able to edit in the same period of time?

Constant: 1 week Creators Hours/day Videos 4 6 12 6 4+2 8 x Direct (D) Direct (D) Setup 4 6 6 8 = 12 x
Solve

One direct and one inverse

Flow diagram showing the change from 120 servers, 24 hours and 480 euros to 200 servers, 18 hours and 600 euros. 120 servers 24 h · €480 ÷ servers, × cost 200 servers 18 h · €600
Practice★☆☆Not started
To paint the fences of a municipal sports centre, a crew of $3$ people took $8$ days working $6$ hours a day. The town council commissions an identical job to another…

To paint the fences of a municipal sports centre, a crew of $3$ people took $8$ days working $6$ hours a day. The town council commissions an identical job to another crew made up of $6$ people who will work $4$ hours a day. Lucas solved the problem by writing the following in his notebook:

"Since there are twice as many people and fewer hours per day, I set up the proportion: $x = 8 \times \frac{6}{3} \times \frac{6}{4} = 24$ days".

  1. a) Without performing numerical calculations, explain why a result of $24$ days is inconsistent with common sense in this case.
  2. b) Identify the conceptual mistake Lucas made when analysing the relationship of each magnitude with the number of days.
  3. c) Correct the approach and calculate the exact number of days the new crew will need to finish the job.
Solve
Practice★★☆Not started
A courier company uses $8$ drones to deliver $160$ parcels in $4$ flight hours. If the company decides to increase its fleet to $10$ drones and wants to deliver $250$…

A courier company uses $8$ drones to deliver $160$ parcels in $4$ flight hours. If the company decides to increase its fleet to $10$ drones and wants to deliver $250$ parcels, how many total flight hours will the drones need to complete the task?

Solve
Practice★★★Not started
In an animal rescue centre, it has been calculated that $15$ bags of dry food of $20\text{ kg}$ each are sufficient to feed $40$ dogs for $12$ days. Due to a rescue…

In an animal rescue centre, it has been calculated that $15$ bags of dry food of $20\text{ kg}$ each are sufficient to feed $40$ dogs for $12$ days. Due to a rescue campaign, the number of dogs increases by $20$ more animals. If the centre buys bags of $30\text{ kg}$ of the same food, how many bags will they need to feed all the dogs for $25$ days?

Dogs Days Food (kg) Direct Direct 40 12 15 bags · 20 kg 300 40 + 20 60 25 x bags · 30 kg 30·x
Solve
Practice★★★Not started
A video game server farm uses $8$ cooling units to maintain the optimal temperature for $120$ servers running for $24$ hours a day, with an electricity cost of $€480$ a…

A video game server farm uses $8$ cooling units to maintain the optimal temperature for $120$ servers running for $24$ hours a day, with an electricity cost of $€480$ a week. If the company decides to expand its capacity to $200$ servers and the price of electricity rises, so that the maximum allowed cost is $€600$, for how many hours a day can the servers be switched on if the same $8$ cooling units are kept? (Assume that the cost is directly proportional to the number of servers and the hours of use).

Inverse Direct Servers Hours/day Cost (€) 120 24 480 200 x 600 Cooling units = 8 (Constant, does not affect calculation)
Solve

Shares with more than one criterion

Sometimes a sum is shared out according to two things at once: for example, the money invested and the length of time it was invested. You multiply the two numbers for each person and share out in proportion to those products.

Diagram illustrating compound proportional sharing by combining two criteria through the product of their quantities. €2,000 × 6 months → €1,976.47 €3,000 × 4 → €1,976.47 €5,000 × 2 → €1,647.06
Practice★★☆Not started
In an electronics components factory, $5$ identical machines produce $2000$ processors running for $8$ hours a day. Due to an urgent order, the factory must deliver…

In an electronics components factory, $5$ identical machines produce $2000$ processors running for $8$ hours a day. Due to an urgent order, the factory must deliver $3500$ processors in the same number of days. If $2$ more machines are started up, how many hours per day must all the machines run?

Solve
Practice★★★Not started
A group of $5$ identical taps takes $8$ hours to fill $3$ tanks of $600$ litres each. If we want to fill $4$ tanks of $900$ litres each in a maximum time of $10$ hours,…

A group of $5$ identical taps takes $8$ hours to fill $3$ tanks of $600$ litres each. If we want to fill $4$ tanks of $900$ litres each in a maximum time of $10$ hours, how many taps with the same characteristics will we need to turn on? If the result is not an integer, explain the minimum number of taps we should install.

Time (h) Taps Volume (L) INVERSE DIRECT 8 5 1800 3 tanks × 600 L 10 x 3600 4 tanks × 900 L
Solve

Summary

See all the exercises in this section