Risks online

Explain what cyberbullying is and how it differs from a one-off argument between classmates: think about repetition, the intention to cause harm and the imbalance between the attacker and the victim.

Where is the line between a joke between friends and bullying? Explain what role is played by the other person genuinely laughing, enduring in silence or asking to stop, and what to do if you notice that a "joke" has crossed the line.

In a group chat that a classmate is not part of, several people laugh at him daily and send you screenshots. Analyse whether staying silent and watching makes you a bystander or a participant, what real options you have (not playing along, warning him, speaking to a teacher) and what you would do.

Explain simply what grooming is: an adult posing as a minor to gain the trust of a young person. State three early warning signs that should raise the alarm and who to tell if you detect them.

A stranger contacts a 14-year-old online, gains their trust over several weeks through compliments and ends up asking for intimate photos "as a sign of friendship". Explain what deception tactic is being used, why one should never comply with that request, and what the victim should do from the very moment they feel uncomfortable.

A "friend" met through an online game insists on switching to a private video call, asks for it to be "your secret" and starts asking increasingly personal questions. Explain what pattern of escalation these signs show (privacy, secrets, isolation from the group) and where and how to set boundaries.

A chain message dares minors to record themselves doing something dangerous and to nominate three friends. Explain why participating "just to avoid looking bad" is risky and write a brief, assertive response that you could give in the group.

You receive a video with violent or disturbing content. Explain what to do and what not to do with it (watching it out of curiosity, forwarding it, reporting it on the platform, telling an adult) and why this type of content can affect you even if you watch it "just once".

Analyse why dangerous viral challenges spread so quickly (nominations, peer pressure, platform design rewarding extreme content) and design a safe, positive "counter-challenge" that could go viral in your school.

The figure shows who a minor can turn to when experiencing a serious online problem.

One of the resources is covered up: it is a free and confidential helpline, specialising in internet safety for minors and families. State which one it is and describe two initial steps that should always be taken in a serious online situation, even before calling.

Someone threatens you online ("if you don't do what I say, I'll post your photos"). List what you should and should not do in the first few minutes — reply or not reply, save or delete, tell someone or keep quiet — and justify each decision.

Research and note down three official support resources in Spain for online problems (helplines or support websites), stating what each offers and in what type of situation it should be used.

A friend misses training sessions and stops hanging out with the group to keep playing online; when he cannot play, he becomes irritable and sad. Indicate which signs of tech dependency appear in this case and what initial steps you would suggest to him and his family.

A platform allows users to report harassment accounts, but the reports take weeks to be resolved. Evaluate what the victim, their friends and the school can do in the meantime, and reason why the role of bystanders who witness the harassment without participating is decisive.

A classmate says: "By setting my profile to private and not adding strangers, I'm already completely protected; and if I ever experience cyberbullying or blackmail, the best thing to do is delete the chat, block them immediately, and not tell anyone to avoid trouble". Rebut their position by pointing out a serious flaw in their idea of prevention and another in the way they react to a problem. Then, design a digital self-protection plan for your class: propose three technical prevention measures that go beyond making a profile private and three ordered steps for immediate action (preservation of digital evidence, communication channels, and reporting) when facing an online aggression situation.