Exercises: Ratios of the difference of two angles

Calculate the exact value of $\cos(15^\circ)$ without using a calculator, applying the formula for the cosine of the difference of two angles and knowing that $15^\circ = 45^\circ - 30^\circ$.

Find the exact value of $\sin(15^\circ)$ by expressing the angle as the difference $60^\circ - 45^\circ$ and applying the corresponding identity.

Determine the exact value of $\tan(15^\circ)$ from the tangents of the notable angles $45^\circ$ and $30^\circ$. Rationalize the denominator if necessary.

Simplify the expression $\sin(90^\circ - x)$ by applying the formula for the sine of the difference of two angles and verify that it is equivalent to one of the basic trigonometric ratios of the angle $x$.

Knowing that $\sin \alpha = \frac{4}{5}$ and $\cos \beta = \frac{12}{13}$, and that both $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are angles in the first quadrant, calculate the exact value of $\sin(\alpha - \beta)$.

Simplify the following trigonometric expression as much as possible: $\cos(x) \cos(y) + \sin(x) \sin(y)$. Then, use the simplified result to evaluate the expression exactly when $x = 75^\circ$ and $y = 15^\circ$.

Prove step by step that $\cos(180^\circ - \alpha) = -\cos \alpha$ using the cosine formula for the difference of angles.

Calculate the exact value of $\tan(105^\circ)$ using the formula for the difference of angles, considering that $105^\circ = 135^\circ - 30^\circ$.

In a maritime navigation simulation, a ship must adjust its current course. The necessary correction angle is given by the expression $\alpha - \beta$. Knowing that $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are acute angles with $\tan \alpha = 3$ and $\tan \beta = \frac{1}{2}$, calculate the exact value of $\tan(\alpha - \beta)$ and deduce the size of the correction angle.

Simplify the following trigonometric algebraic expression and express it exclusively in terms of the tangents of the angles $a$ and $b$:

$\frac{\sin(a - b)}{\cos a \cos b}$

A ray of light passes through two different media with angles of refraction $\alpha$ and $\beta$. If, due to the properties of the materials, we know that $\cos \alpha = \frac{3}{5}$ (where $\alpha$ is an angle in the fourth quadrant) and $\sin \beta = \frac{5}{13}$ (where $\beta$ is an angle in the second quadrant), determine the exact value of $\cos(\alpha - \beta)$.

Evaluate the following trigonometric expression exactly, without using a calculator, identifying which expansion it corresponds to:

$\sin(75^\circ) \cos(15^\circ) - \cos(75^\circ) \sin(15^\circ)$

Two coplanar forces are applied to an object, forming angles $\alpha$ and $\beta$ with the horizontal, respectively. If $\sin \alpha = \frac{8}{17}$ and $\cos \beta = \frac{4}{5}$ (both angles being in the first quadrant), calculate the sine of the angle formed between the two forces, that is, $\sin(\alpha - \beta)$.

Prove analytically that $\tan(45^\circ - x) = \frac{1 - \tan x}{1 + \tan x}$. Use this result to find the exact value of $\tan(15^\circ)$ knowing that $\tan(30^\circ) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}$.

Knowing that two angles $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are complementary ($\alpha + \beta = 90^\circ$), prove step by step that the identity $\sin(\alpha - \beta) = \cos(2\beta)$ holds.

In a market study, the seasonal sales cycles of two products are modeled using trigonometric functions. The phase difference that determines direct competition is given by the value of $\cos(x - y)$. If $\sin x = \frac{1}{3}$ and $\cos y = \frac{2}{5}$, with $x$ located in the first quadrant and $y$ in the fourth quadrant, find the exact value of $\cos(x - y)$.

Solve the following trigonometric equation, finding all possible solutions for the interval $0^\circ \leq x < 360^\circ$:

$\sin(x - 30^\circ) = \frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}$

Prove the following trigonometric identity by appropriately combining the angle addition and subtraction formulas for sine and cosine:

$\frac{\cos(a - b) - \cos(a + b)}{\sin(a + b) + \sin(a - b)} = \tan b$

A surveyor observes a cliff of height $H$ and, situated right on the edge above it, a lighthouse of height $h$. From their position at a horizontal distance $d$, the angle of elevation to the base of the lighthouse is $\beta$ and to the dome of the lighthouse is $\alpha$. Express the tangent of the angle subtended exclusively by the lighthouse, that is $\tan(\alpha - \beta)$, solely in terms of the distances $H$, $h$ and $d$.

Solve the following system of trigonometric equations knowing that both $x$ and $y$ are angles in the first quadrant:

$\sin x \cos y = \frac{3}{4}$

$\cos x \sin y = \frac{1}{4}$

Hint: First calculate the value of $\sin(x - y)$ and $\sin(x + y)$ by adding and subtracting both equations.

In the design of a robotic arm, the angle of rotation of the final joint depends on the subtraction of two internal control angles $\alpha$ and $\beta$. If the tangent of the resulting angle is $\tan(\alpha - \beta) = 2$ and due to mechanical constraints we know that $\tan \alpha = 3 \tan \beta$, determine the possible exact values of $\tan \beta$.

Prove analytically that $\sin(\alpha - \beta) \cdot \sin(\alpha + \beta) = \sin^2 \alpha - \sin^2 \beta$. Then, use this algebraic result to mentally calculate the exact value of the expression $\sin(75^\circ) \cdot \sin(15^\circ)$.

Solve the following trigonometric equation, determining all possible solutions in the interval $[0, 2\pi)$ radians:

$\cos(x - 45^\circ) + \cos(x + 45^\circ) = 1$

In an alternating current circuit, the potential difference between two nodes is given by the superposition of two out-of-phase signals: $V(t) = 10 \sin(\omega t) - 10 \sin(\omega t - \frac{\pi}{3})$. Use the trigonometric formulas for angle subtraction to express the potential difference $V(t)$ in the simplified form $A \sin(\omega t + \phi)$, determining the values of $A$ and $\phi$.