Exercises: Recruitment and labour relations

Explain the difference between a permanent contract and a fixed-term contract, and reason which type fits best in each case: covering a four-month leave of absence and hiring a technician whom the company wants to keep for years.

On a payslip, earnings (what is earned) and deductions (what is deducted) are distinguished. Classify these items: basic salary, Social Security contribution, night-shift allowance, income tax retention (IRPF), and pro-rata bonus payment.

The figure shows the structure of a payslip: deductions are subtracted from gross salary to give net salary. Calculate the net salary in the example and explain what the two main deductions (income tax / IRPF and Social Security contributions) are used for.

A worker has a monthly gross salary of $\$36\,000$ and total deductions of $12\ \%$. a) Calculate the amount of the deductions and the net salary. b) Explain the difference between gross salary and net salary and why, when comparing job offers, it is necessary to look at both.

Explain what an equality plan in a company is and describe three measures it usually contains (equal pay, anti-harassment protocol, work-life balance measures), indicating what problem each one addresses.

A shop needs to reinforce its workforce only during the Christmas campaign (six weeks) and an agricultural warehouse during harvesting. Reason what type of contract fits in each case, what limits temporary hiring has, and what risks abusing it poses for both the employee and the company.

A technology consulting firm shows the following salary data in its social balance sheet: the overall average salary for men is $\$2,500$ and for women it is $\$2,000$. However, management claims: "There is no wage discrimination in our company: in each of the professional categories (junior, senior, and project manager), men and women receive exactly the same base pay established by the collective bargaining agreement". a) Calculate the company's gender pay gap based on the average male salary and interpret the result. b) Explain how it is technically possible for management's claim to be true while this overall gender pay gap exists at the same time; relate your explanation to the concepts of vertical segregation (glass ceiling) and horizontal segregation. c) Design two specific organizational and human resources measures that the company should implement to correct this situation structurally.

The management of a private clinic with 80 beds is considering outsourcing its cleaning and disinfection services, which are currently carried out by an in-house team of 10 workers on permanent contracts. The Chief Financial Officer argues that outsourcing will reduce fixed costs and shift all employment risk to the contractor. a) Refute the CFO's arguments by justifying what hidden costs and what quality or operational risks the clinic assumes when subcontracting this key activity. b) Under the current legal and labor framework, analyse whether the contractor can set lower wages than those of the clinic or how the application of sectoral collective agreements affects the expected savings. c) As Head of Human Resources, justify whether you would recommend outsourcing or keeping the service with in-house staff using the core business (core competencies) criterion.

A software company whose workforce is $85\ \%$ men under 30 years of age needs to recruit five senior programmers. Its current selection process consists of: 1) A public job posting on social media calling for "true code ninjas with full availability and a passion for gamer culture"; 2) CV screening requiring a photo, age, and marital status; 3) An unstructured personal interview where two founding partners assess whether the applicant "fits into the team's casual vibe". a) Diagnose what cognitive or discriminatory biases (gender, age, or affinity) are fostered by each of the three phases of the process. b) Fully redesign all three phases by proposing objective and technical instruments to assess professional competence exclusively, and explain how each change eliminates the identified biases.